Environment and Biodiversity,MPPSC MCQ

1. What is the definition of the environment?

  • A) Only the living organisms

  • B) Air, water, land, and every living organisms

  • C) Only the atmosphere

  • D) Land and water bodies

Answer: B) Air, water, land, and every living organisms

2. What does biodiversity encompass?

  • A) Only species diversity

  • B) Only genetic diversity within species

  • C) Variety of life on Earth, including species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity

  • D) Only ecosystem diversity

Answer: C) Variety of life on Earth, including species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity

3. What essential services do ecosystems provide?

  • A) Transportation and communication

  • B) Air and water purification, pollination, and climate regulation

  • C) Education and healthcare

  • D) Industrial production

Answer: B) Air and water purification, pollination, and climate regulation

4. Which environmental issue poses threats to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health?

  • A) Climate change

  • B) Biodiversity

  • C) Overall Pollution (air, water, and soil)

  • D) Ecosystem services

Answer: C) Overall Pollution (air, water, and soil)

5. What contributes to climate change?

  • A) Deforestation

  • B) Pollution

  • C) Human activities like burning fossil fuels,consumption of electronic devices

  • D) Ecosystem degradation

Answer: C) Human activities like burning fossil fuels,consumption of electronic devices

6. Which act in India aims to regulate water pollution and establishes Pollution Control Boards?

  • A) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 by Parliament

  • B) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 by Parliament

  • C) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 by Parliament

  • D) The National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act, 2010 by Parliament

Answer: A) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 by Parliament



7. What does the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, empower the Central Government to do?

  • A) Regulate wildlife protection

  • B) Control pollution

  • C) Divert forest land for non-forest purposes

  • D) Establish the National Green Tribunal

Answer: B) Control pollution

8. What does the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, aim to achieve?

  • A) Regulate air pollution

  • B) Protect and conserve wildlife and their habitats

  • C) Regulate water pollution

  • D) Establish the NGT

Answer: B) Protect and conserve wildlife and their habitats

9. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act, 2010, serves what purpose?

  • A) Regulate forest conservation

  • B) Regulate air quality

  • C) Expedite disposal of cases related to environmental protection

  • D) Regulate wildlife protection

Answer: C) Expedite disposal of cases related to environmental protection

 

10. What was the key principle established in the Supreme Court ruling of Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996)?

  • A. Strict liability for harm caused by toxic gases

  • B. Recognition of the right to a healthy environment

  • C. Application of the "polluter pays" principle

  • D. Imposition of restrictions on industries in ecologically sensitive zones

Answer: C. Application of the "polluter pays" principle

11. In the M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1986), commonly known as the Oleum Gas Leak case, what did the Supreme Court determine regarding industries releasing toxic gases?

  • A. Strict liability for harm caused to the environment

  • B. Recognition of the right to a healthy environment

  • C. Closure of industries in the Taj Trapezium Zone

  • D. Imposition of restrictions on industries in the Delhi Ridge area



Answer: A. Strict liability for harm caused to the environment

12. Which fundamental right did the Supreme Court recognize in the case of Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar (1991)?

  • A. Right to equality

  • B. Right to freedom of speech and expression

  • C. Right to a healthy environment

  • D. Right to life and personal liberty



Answer: D. Right to life and personal liberty

13. What action did the Supreme Court take in the Taj Trapezium Case to address environmental pollution in the Taj Trapezium Zone?

  • A. Recognition of the right to a healthy environment

  • B. Imposition of restrictions on industries in the Taj Trapezium Zone

  • C. Closure of industries in the Delhi Ridge area

  • D. Application of the "precautionary principle"



Answer: B. Imposition of restrictions on industries in the Taj Trapezium Zone

14. In M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997), what directive did the Supreme Court issue regarding industries operating in the Delhi Ridge area?

  • A. Application of the "precautionary principle"

  • B. Strict liability for harm caused by toxic gases

  • C. Recognition of the right to a healthy environment

  • D. Closure of industries in the Delhi Ridge area



Answer: D. Closure of industries operating in the Delhi Ridge area

15. Which principles were deemed essential components of environmental law in the Supreme Court ruling of A.P. Pollution Control Board v. Prof. M.V. Nayudu (2001)?

  • A. "Precautionary principle" and "polluter pays" principle

  • B. Strict liability and right to a healthy environment

  • C. Recognition of fundamental rights and imposition of restrictions

  • D. Closure of industries and compensation for pollution

     

Answer: A. "Precautionary principle" and "polluter pays" principle

16. What does the term "Biodiversity" stand for?

  • A) Biological Dimensions

  • B) Biotic Diversity

  • C) Biological Density

  • D) Biological Diversity

Answer: D) Biological Diversity

17. Which of the following represents the variety of genes within a species?

  • A) Ecosystem Diversity

  • B) Genetic Diversity

  • C) Species Diversity

  • D) Biological Diversity

Answer: B) Genetic Diversity

18. How does biodiversity contribute to Ecosystem Stability?

  • A) By reducing adaptability

  • B) By destabilizing ecosystems

  • C) By making ecosystems more adaptable to environmental changes

  • D) By promoting uniformity in ecosystems

Answer: C) By making ecosystems more adaptable to environmental changes

19. In what way does biodiversity hold Cultural Significance?

  • A) By limiting cultural practices

  • B) By disrupting traditions

  • C) By being integral to cultural practices, traditions, and spiritual beliefs

  • D) By minimizing cultural diversity

Answer: C) By being integral to cultural practices, traditions, and spiritual beliefs

20. Which ecosystem service involves the crucial role of insect species in pollinating crops?

  • A) Water Purification

  • B) Climate Regulation

  • C) Pollination

  • D) Genetic Resources

Answer: C) Pollination

21. What is a major threat to biodiversity caused by agricultural expansion and deforestation?

  • A) Pollution

  • B) Habitat Loss

  • C) Climate Change

  • D) Genetic Erosion

Answer: B) Habitat Loss

22. Which conservation strategy involves establishing reserves and national parks to safeguard critical habitats?

  • A) In Situ Conservation

  • B) Ex Situ Conservation

  • C) Sustainable Practices

  • D) Protected Areas

Answer: D) Protected Areas

23. What is the focus of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?

  • A) Sustainable Agriculture

  • B) Conservation of Genetic Diversity

  • C) Climate Change Mitigation

  • D) Importance of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development

Answer: D) Importance of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development

24. Which legislation in India was enacted to fulfill the obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?

  • A) Environmental Impact Assessment Act

  • B) Forest (Conservation) Act

  • C) Biological Diversity Act, 2002

  • D) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Answer: C) Biological Diversity Act, 2002

25. What is the purpose of the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002?

  • A) Wildlife protection

  • B) Regulating forest conservation

  • C) Promoting equitable sharing of benefits from biological resources

  • D) Implementing Environmental Impact Assessment

Answer: C) Promoting equitable sharing of benefits from biological resources

26. What is the role of Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) at the local level?

  • A) Regulating access to biological resources

  • B) Advising the state government on biodiversity matters

  • C) Promoting conservation, sustainable use, and documentation of biological diversity

  • D) Enforcing hunting restrictions

Answer: C) Promoting conservation, sustainable use, and documentation of biological diversity

27. Which legislation in India addresses the protection of flora and fauna, including endangered species and their habitats?

  • A) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

  • B) Environmental Impact Assessment Act

  • C) National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP),Act

  • D) Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) Act

Answer: A) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

28. What does ABS stand for in the context of India's biodiversity laws?

  • A) Access to Biodiversity Standards

  • B) Access and Benefit Sharing

  • C) Area-Based Sustainable development

  • D) Authority for Biodiversity Sustainability

Answer: B) Access and Benefit Sharing

29. Which legislation in India aims to regulate the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes?

  • A) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notifications

  • B) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

  • C) Indian Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP)

  • D) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

Answer: D) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

30. What do the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notifications in India consider regarding biodiversity?

  • A) Wildlife protection measures

  • B) Strategies for sustainable forest management

  • C) Impacts of development projects on biodiversity

  • D) Equitable sharing of benefits from biological resources

Answer: C) Impacts of development projects on biodiversity

31. The National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP), 2017-2031, aims to:

  • A) Divert forest land for non-forest purposes

  • B) Promote wildlife hunting

  • C) Integrate biodiversity conservation with development activities

  • D) Facilitate unrestricted access to biological resources

Answer: C) Integrate biodiversity conservation with development activities